A few years ago, I saw someone who designed a vase with grooves in it that were designed to fit pieces of filament. I loved the idea and knew I needed to adapt it to work for earrings!
I used Tinkercad to design simple earring shapes and then put in grooves that the filament would fit in. I did a variety of tests both with the hole sizes and slicer settings. I wanted them to be encased enough to be held mostly in place while exposed enough that you can see them which is the point.
I put grooves on both sides so that they would be decorative no matter how you looked at them. I made the earrings thick enough that I could do this, though I also alternated the grooves so they didn't match up front and back.
These earrings were meant to look like classic ornament shapes, but some have said they look more like Christmas light bulbs.
You should be able to put in the filament without straightening the filament, but it can help to make them into straight strands beforehand. You can do this with a heat gun or really hot water.
The filament needs to be glued in place to make sure they don't come out. I've used different glues, but I think Gloop works the best, though, I did have to sacrifice a small paint brush to use to apply it into the grooves.
Original tutorial posted on Instructables: https://www.instructables.com/Filament-Earrings/
Designed using Tinkercad
My other Christmas tree version: https://makerworld.com/en/models/86300#profileId-92195