This model will help you determine the minimal necessary transition volumes for 4 colors. It's designed for a 0.4mm nozzle.
Each notch on the left indicates the start of a new color, and each notch on the right indicates 100mm^3 or filament (each layer is two 0.4mm walls).
Quality:
Strength:
Speed
Others
To determine the minimal transition distance, start at the left notch at the top of the transition from color, count the number of notches on the right until the transition to color is no longer any color bleed.
You can test your calculated numbers with the test model at https://than.gs/m/851830.