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Description
The honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a social insect that lives in colonies of 20,000 to 60,000 individuals, divided into three castes:
- The Queen: Unique, she lives 3 to 5 years and spends her life laying eggs to ensure the survival of the hive.
- The Workers: Sterile females, they do all the work (cleaning, guarding, building) and end their lives as foragers.
- The Drones: The males, whose sole role is to fertilize a new queen.
The Production of Honey
Foragers collect nectar from flowers, bring it back to the hive where it is transformed (passed from mouth to mouth), then dehydrated by ventilation before being stored in wax cells. It serves as a food reserve for winter.
A Vital Ecological Role
The bee is one of the planet's greatest pollinators. By seeking its food, it carries pollen from flower to flower, enabling plant reproduction.
- The Stakes: Approximately 35% of our food (fruits, vegetables, oilseeds) directly depends on this action.
Today threatened by pesticides, loss of biodiversity, and the Asian hornet, its protection has become a major ecological issue.
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