中国福建土楼是中国的福建一带的传统居民建筑

China Fujian Tulou is a traditional residential building in the Fujian area of China

福建土楼产生于宋元时期，是客家人在辗转迁徙中，发扬古老建筑技术创造的“世界建筑奇迹”。宋元时期，是福建土楼的形成阶段。早期土楼规模较小，结构较简单，大多没有石砌墙基，装饰也较粗糙，形式基本为正方形、长方形。最早提及“土楼”的志书是藏于日本内阁文库的谕诏《重修虔台志》，记载明嘉靖三十八年（1559年）在闽西永安与连城交界处建土楼的事实。

明代，随着经济、文化的发展，居民愈益重视教育，置学馆，设书院，劝民入学，渐成风气。通过科举致仕不断涌现。这些发迹官宦之家，大兴土木，按中原通都大邑的建筑规制兴建土楼，建筑形式渐趋考究，功能也向多样化发展。

明末清初，郑成功率军与清兵在闽南一带展开拉锯战，民间又建不少土楼、石楼以安生。

清代、民国时期，永定地区条丝烟、茶叶等加工业蓬勃兴起，销往全国及东南亚各国。随着经济的发展和对生态环境认识的提高，居民对住宅的要求更加迫切，提出更高的要求。另一方面，由于人口的增长，为维护家族的共同利益，势必建造更大规模的楼房，让众多的宗亲几十人或几百人聚族而居。以适应家族的兴旺，居住的安全。于是便建造了殿堂式的土围楼以及方形、圆形等丰富多姿的土楼。其特点为规模宏大、类型多样等。在晚期，外来文化影响在部分土楼的建造中并得到了一定的反映.

20世纪50年代以后，该地居民仍大量建造土楼，土楼建筑比较注重实用性，结构简练，缺少华丽的装饰。

(来自百度百科-https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%A6%8F%E5%BB%BA%E5%9C%9F%E6%A5%BC/10143115)

Fujian tulou was born in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and is a "world architectural miracle" created by the Hakka people in the migration and carrying forward the ancient building technology.

The Song and Yuan dynasties were the formative stage of Fujian tulou. In the early days, the tulou was small in scale, simple in structure, most of them had no stone wall foundation, and the decoration was relatively rough, and the form was basically square and rectangular. The earliest mention of "tulou" is the edict "Rebuilding the Qiantai Chronicles" hidden in the Japanese cabinet library, which records the fact that the Tulou was built at the junction of Yong'an and Liancheng in western Fujian in the 38th year of Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty (1559).

In the Ming Dynasty, with the development of economy and culture, residents paid more and more attention to education, set up school halls, set up academies, and persuaded the people to enroll, which gradually became a trend. Through the imperial examination, it continues to emerge. These official palaces were built in accordance with the building regulations of Tongdu Dayi in the Central Plains, and the architectural forms gradually became more sophisticated, and the functions also developed to diversify.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Chenggong led the army and the Qing soldiers to start a tug-of-war in southern Fujian, and the people built a lot of earthen buildings and stone buildings to live in peace.

During the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the processing industries such as silk tobacco and tea in Yongding area flourished and were sold to the whole country and Southeast Asian countries. With the development of the economy and the improvement of the understanding of the ecological environment, residents have more urgent requirements for housing and put forward higher requirements. On the other hand, due to the growth of the population, in order to safeguard the common interests of the family, it is necessary to build larger buildings, so that a large number of clan relatives can live together in dozens or hundreds of people. To adapt to the prosperity of the family, the safety of residence. As a result, a palace-style earthen enclosure building was built, as well as a variety of earthen buildings such as square and round shapes. It is characterized by a large scale and a variety of types. In the late period, foreign cultural influences were reflected in the construction of some tulou.

After the 50s of the 20th century, the residents of the place still built a large number of tulou, and the tulou building paid more attention to practicality, the structure was concise, and the ornate decoration was lacking.